What is HPV?

Human Papillomavirus (HPV) is a very common virus—most people will get it at some point in their lives. In most cases, the body clears the infection on its own. But in some women, persistent infection with high-risk HPV strains can lead to cervical cancer over time.

There are over 100 types of HPV, but types 16 and 18 are responsible for about 70% of cervical cancer cases globally. In Singapore, HPV is the main cause of cervical cancer, which remains one of the top 10 cancers affecting women.

MOH Singapore and the National Cervical Cancer Screening Programme recommend that all women between 25 to 69 years old undergo regular HPV or Pap smear testing.

How HPV Causes Cervical Cancer

HPV spreads through skin-to-skin contact, often during sexual activity. In some women, the virus stays in the cervix and causes abnormal cell changes. Over time—often over 10 to 15 years — these changes may develop into cancer if not detected early.

Can Cervical Cancer Be Prevented?

Yes. Cervical cancer is one of the most preventable cancers.

Here’s how:

(1) HPV Vaccination
The HPV vaccine is approved in Singapore and protects against the most common cancer-causing HPV types. It is recommended for:

• Girls and women aged 9 to 26 (ideally before sexual activity starts)
• Some adults up to age 45, after consulting with a doctor

(2) Regular Screening: HPV test (every 5 years) or Pap smear (every 3 years)

(3) The vaccine is subsidised under the National Childhood Immunisation Schedule, and CHAS/Medisave can be used.

(4) Early detection allows abnormal cells to be treated before they turn cancerous.

What Singapore Women Should Watch For

Cervical cancer often has no symptoms in the early stages. That’s why screening is so important. As the cancer progresses, symptoms may include:

• Bleeding after sex or between periods
• Unusual vaginal discharge
• Pelvic pain or pain during intercourse

If you experience any of these signs, see a doctor promptly.

What You Can Do Today

• Get vaccinated if you're eligible
• Attend regular HPV screening (even if you feel healthy)
• Talk to your doctor if you notice unusual symptoms
• Encourage loved ones to stay informed and screened

Cervical cancer is preventable and treatable — awareness and early action save lives.

How OncoCare Supports You

At OncoCare, we are a team of senior medical oncologists who treat a wide range of cancers, including gynaecological cancers such as cervical, ovarian, and uterine cancer. 

Whether you're newly diagnosed, seeking a second opinion, or exploring treatment options based on your genetic profile, we’re here to support you. Our approach combines medical expertise with personalised care, including access to genetic testing, targeted therapies, and the latest treatment advances. 

We work closely with gynaecologists and other specialists to ensure every patient receives coordinated, comprehensive care tailored to their needs.