Breast Cancer

Personalised treatments designed to fight cancer while minimising side effects.

What is Breast Cancer?

Breast cancer is one of the most common cancers affecting women in Singapore and worldwide. It begins when abnormal cells in the breast grow uncontrollably and form a lump or tumour. Although breast cancer mainly affects women, men can also develop the disease. The three main subtypes are hormone receptor positive (ER/PR-positive), HER2-positive, and triple negative breast cancers. Each type behaves differently and requires specific treatment approaches.

How Common is Breast Cancer in Singapore?

Breast cancer is the most common cancer among women in Singapore. One in 12 women will get breast cancer in their lifetime (Singapore Cancer Registry Annual Report 2022).

In 2022 (GLOBOCAN), breast cancer made up 30% of all cancers in Singaporean women, with an age standardised rate of 62.33 per 100,000 women in 2023.

(1) It is also the leading cause of cancer deaths among women. Between 2013 and 2023, Singapore’s age standardised mortality rate (ASMR) fell from 14.97 to 12.47 per 100,000, a 16.7% decline reflecting better access to treatments and interventions.

This is why early detection and timely treatment of breast cancer are crucial to improve survival and quality of life.

What Are the Signs and Symptoms of Breast Cancer?

Some common signs to look out for include:

Early breast cancer may not show symptoms, which is why regular screening, such as mammograms, is important for early detection.

Screening for Breast Cancer

Regular screening is the most effective way to detect breast cancer early, when treatment works best. In Singapore, breast cancer is often diagnosed at a later stage, making awareness and timely screening especially important.

Screening Options
  • Mammogram: The gold standard for breast cancer screening, recommended for women aged 40 and above, or earlier if there is a family history.
  • Ultrasound: Often used together with mammograms, especially for younger women or those with dense breast tissue.
  • Clinical breast examination: Performed by a doctor to check for lumps or changes in the breast.
  • Breast self-examination: Helps women become familiar with their own breast tissue and notice unusual changes, though it does not replace medical screening.
  • Women aged 40 years and above.
  • Women with a family history of breast or ovarian cancer.
  • Those with genetic risk factors, such as BRCA mutations.
  • Women with prior breast conditions or higher lifetime risk.
  • Detects cancer before symptoms develop.
  • Enables treatment at earlier, more curable stages.
  • Reduces the risk of advanced disease and improves survival outcomes.

How is Breast Cancer Diagnosed?

Diagnosis involves several steps:

What Are the Causes and Risk Factors of Breast Cancer?

What Are the Types of Breast Cancer?

  • Hormone receptor positive (ER/PR-positive): Cancers that grow in response to hormones
  • HER2-positive: Cancers driven by high levels of the HER2 protein, often more aggressive
  • Triple negative breast cancer: Lacks ER, PR, and HER2; tends to behave more aggressively
  • Less common types: Inflammatory breast cancer, Paget’s disease of the nipple, and male breast cancer

What Are The Stages of Breast Cancer?

Breast cancer stages range from early to advanced:
Stage 0
Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS), where cancer cells are confined to the ducts

A small invasive tumour with little or no lymph node involvement

A larger tumour or cancer that has spread to nearby lymph nodes.
Locally advanced cancer with more extensive lymph node involvement or spread to the chest wall or skin.

Cancer that has spread (metastasised) to other organs, such as bone, liver, lung, or brain

What are Breast Cancer Treatments?

Treatment depends on cancer stage, subtype, and patient profile. In Singapore, there are various treatment options available for breast cancer. The specific treatment plan will depend on multiple factors, such as the cancer stage, the tumour grade, the patient’s overall health, and other individual factors.

Meet Our Doctors

Our multidisciplinary team of oncologists in Singapore provides advanced care with a compassionate touch.

Senior Medical Oncologist
Senior Medical Oncologist
Senior Medical Oncologist
Senior Medical Oncologist
Senior Medical Oncologist
Senior Medical Oncologist
Senior Medical Oncologist