Testicular Cancer

Personalised treatments designed to fight cancer while minimising side effects.

What is Testicular Cancer?

Testicular cancer begins in the testicles (testes), which are part of the male reproductive system. The majority of testicular cancers develop from germ cells, the cells that produce sperm. It is one of the most treatable forms of cancer, especially when detected early.

How Common is Testicular Cancer in Singapore?

Testicular cancer is rare overall in Singapore.

It remains the most common solid cancer in younger men, typically affecting those between about 15 and 40 years of age.

Important risk factors include undescended testis and family history.

Testicular cancer has one of the highest cure rates among solid cancers, especially when diagnosed early.

What Are the Signs and Symptoms of Testicular Cancer?

Not all lumps are cancerous, but any persistent symptom should be assessed by a doctor promptly.

How is Testicular Cancer Diagnosed?

Diagnosis involves a combination of:

  • Physical examination to check for lumps or swelling
  • Ultrasound scan of the testicles to evaluate abnormalities
  • Blood tests for tumour markers such as AFP, hCG, and LDH
  • Imaging tests (CT scans) to check if the cancer has spread

What Causes and Increases the Risk of Testicular Cancer?

The exact cause is unknown, but several risk factors have been identified:

What Are the Types of Testicular Cancer?

The two main types are:

What Are the Stages of Testicular Cancer?

Stage I

Confined to the testicle

Spread to nearby lymph nodes in the abdomen

Spread to distant lymph nodes or organs such as the lungs or liver

Staging guides the choice of treatment and prognosis.

What Are the Treatments for Testicular Cancer?

Treatment depends on the type and stage of cancer, but often includes:

Surgery

Removal of the affected testicle (radical inguinal orchiectomy) is usually the first step.

Radiotherapy

Often used for seminomas.

Surveillance

Careful monitoring may be an option in early-stage disease with low risk of recurrence.

Meet Our Doctors

At OncoCare Singapore, our multidisciplinary team includes oncologists, urologists, radiation oncologists, radiologists, and pathologists, supported by oncology nurses and counsellors. Together, they provide comprehensive and personalised care for men with testicular cancer.

Senior Medical Oncologist
Senior Medical Oncologist
Senior Medical Oncologist