Facing a cancer diagnosis is already a challenging journey, but what happens when you're dealing with not just one, but two different types of cancers simultaneously? This article explores the reality of treating multiple cancers at once, shedding light on its frequency, who is most at risk, how cancer doctors diagnose this complex situation, and why consulting specialists at leading oncology centres in Singapore such as OncoCare is crucial to ensure you get the care and guidance you need.

How Common Is It?

While it may seem like a rare case of lightning striking twice, it's not terribly uncommon for a person to get two cancers – even at the same time. Researchers estimate that the frequency of people with cancer having another separate cancer at the same time is 2–17% (Vogt et al., 2017). Having two cancers at the same time is defined as more than one synchronous or metachronous cancer in the same individual.

Who Is At Risk Of Getting Cancer At The Same Time?

Several factors can increase an individual's risk of developing two different types of cancers simultaneously (Vogt et al., 2017) :

1. Genetics: Certain genetic mutations, such as those associated with Li-Fraumeni and (Breast Cancer Gene) BRCA, can predispose individuals to multiple cancer types.

2. Hormonal Factors: Hormonal therapy, for example, can impact the risk of developing specific cancers like endometrial cancer.

3. Prior Cancer Diagnosis: Individuals with a previous cancer diagnosis are at a higher risk of developing a second malignancy compared to those without prior cancer.

4. Lifestyle Factors: Tobacco and alcohol use are risk factors for several cancer types, making individuals more likely to develop multiple predisposed cancer types.

5. Geography: Certain geographical areas with increased exposure to factors like radon may have a higher incidence of multiple cancer diagnoses.

6. Pathogens: Infections like the human papillomavirus and Epstein-Barr virus can increase the risk of developing multiple cancers.

7. Occupation: Some professions, such as those involving asbestos exposure, are associated with specific cancer types like mesothelioma.

How Do Doctors Diagnose Two Different Types Of Cancer?

Diagnosing multiple primary cancers involves a thorough medical evaluation and diagnostic process. Typically, when a cancer diagnosis is made, doctors order imaging tests of the chest, abdomen, and pelvis to assess whether the cancer has spread beyond its initial location. In cases where certain cancers are prone to spreading to the brain such as bladder cancer (eventhough its rare), additional brain imaging may be required.

If imaging reveals additional tumours, it becomes crucial to determine whether these tumours originate from the same cancer or represent distinct malignancies. A biopsy and genetic sequencing of both tumours provide definitive answers, helping doctors ascertain whether they are dealing with one or two separate cancers.

Seek Expert Care at OncoCare

If you receive a diagnosis of metastatic cancer or face the complex scenario of having two different types of cancers, it's essential to seek expert care. People diagnosed with two simultaneous cancers should receive care at a cancer centre equipped with a multidisciplinary team of specialists. This team typically includes oncologists, surgeons, radiologists, and pathologists who collaborate closely to develop the most effective treatment plan tailored to your unique situation. Given that oncologists specialise in specific cancer types, a team of oncologists at a dedicated cancer centre can assess which cancer should be addressed first.

Navigating multiple cancer diagnoses can be overwhelming, but with the right medical expertise and support, it's possible to develop a comprehensive treatment plan. Consult with the cancer doctors at OncoCare in Singapore who have the experience and knowledge to navigate such intricate cases. At OncoCare, our specialists are here to guide you through this challenging journey, providing compassionate care and evidence-based treatments to address your unique needs. Contact us to arrange an appointment today.

“Expert knowledge means better care for cancer”

Written by:

Dr Akhil Chopra

MBBS (Delhi)

American Board Certified (Int Med)

American Board Certified (Hematology)

American Board Certified (Med Oncology)

Citations

Vogt, A., Schmid, S., Heinimann, K., Frick, H., Herrmann, C., Cerny, T., & Omlin, A. (2017). Multiple primary tumours: Challenges and approaches, a review. ESMO Open, 2(2). https://doi.org/10.1136/esmoopen-2017-000172